Questions
Find answers to frequently asked development questions. For information about Better Stack products, explore our docs.
How can I flush the output of the print function in Python?
In Python, you can use the flush method of the sys.stdout object to flush the output of the print function. For example, you can use the following code to flush the output of the print function: im...
How to convert integer to string in Python?
In Python, you can convert an integer to a string by using the str() function. For example: x = 5 y = str(x) print(y) The output of this code will be the string "5". Another way to convert integer ...
How do I get time of a Python program's execution?
You can use the time module in Python to get the time of a program's execution. The time() function returns the current time in seconds since the epoch (the epoch is a predefined point in time, usu...
How do I write JSON data to a file in Python?
You can use the json module in Python to write JSON data to a file. The module has a dump() function that can be used to write JSON data to a file-like object. Here's an example of how you can use ...
How to reverse a string in Python?
To reverse a string in Python, you can use slicing with the step parameter set to -1. Here is an example: originalstring = "hello" reversedstring = originalstring[::-1] print(reversedstring) # "oll...
How can I install packages using pip according to the requirements.txt file from a local directory?
To install packages using pip according to the requirements in a requirements.txt file located in your current directory, you can use the following command: pip install -r requirements.txt This wil...
Random string generation with upper case letters and digits in Python?
You can use the random module and the string module to generate a random string of a specified length that includes upper case letters and digits. Here's an example function that generates a random...
How do I install pip?
To install pip, you can use the following command: python -m ensurepip --upgrade This will install or upgrade pip. Alternatively, you can also download the get-pip.py script and run it using the Py...
How do I print to stderr in Python?
In Python, you can use the print() function to print to stderr by passing the value file=sys.stderr as a keyword argument. For example: import sys print("This is an error message", file=sys.stderr)...
How to fix fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory?
This error typically occurs when the development headers for Python are not installed on your system. To fix this error, you need to install the python-dev package, which contains the necessary hea...
Proper way to declare custom exceptions in modern Python?
In modern Python, the recommended way to declare custom exceptions is to create a new class that inherits from the built-in Exception class. This class should define any additional attributes or me...
What is the meaning of single and double underscore before an object name in Python?
In Python, single underscore _ before an object name means that the object is meant to be private, and shouldn't be directly accessed from outside the class. However, it is just a naming convention...
How do I read from stdin in Python?
In Python, you can read from standard input (stdin) using the input() function. This function blocks execution and waits for the user to enter some text, which is then returned as a string. For exa...
Replacements for switch statement in Python?
In Python, the if-elif-else statement can be used as a replacement for a switch statement. Additionally, the dict.get() method or a dictionary of functions can also be used to achieve a similar eff...
Extracting extension from filename in Python
You can use the os.path.splitext() function from the os.path module in Python to extract the file extension from a filename. Here's an example: import os filename = "example.txt" extension = os.pat...
What's the best way to check for type in Python?
The built-in type() function is the most commonly used method for checking the type of an object in Python. For example, type(my_variable) will return the type of my_variable. Additionally, you can...
Installing specific package version with pip
To install a specific version of a package with pip, you can use the == operator followed by the desired version number. For example: pip install package_name==1.0.4 This will install version 1.0.4...
Generate random integers between X and Y in Python?
To generate random integers between x and y (inclusive), you can use the random module in the Python standard library. Here's an example: import random x = 1 y = 10 randomnumber = random.randint(x,...
How do I split the definition of a long string over multiple lines in Python?
To split a long string over multiple lines in Python, you can use the line continuation character, which is a backslash (\) at the end of the line. The string will continue on the next line as if i...
Getting the class name of an instance in Python?
You can use the built-in type() function to get the class name of an instance in Python. For example: class MyClass: pass myinstance = MyClass() print(type(myinstance).name) This will output My...
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