Questions
Find answers to frequently asked development questions. For information about Better Stack products, explore our docs.
How to print without a newline or space in Python?
To print without a new line, you need to provide one additional argument end and set its value to something other than the default \n which will break the line. You can set it to an empty character...
How do I uppercase or lowercase a string in Python?
To uppercase a string in Python, you can use the upper() method of the string. For example: string = "hello" uppercasestring = string.upper() print(uppercasestring) # prints "HELLO" To lowercase a...
How do I get a substring of a string in Python?
To get a substring of a string in Python, you can use the string slicing notation, which is string[start:end], where start is the index of the first character of the substring, and end is the index...
How to upgrade all Python packages with pip?
You can use the pip install command with the --upgrade option to upgrade all packages in your Python environment. Here's the basic syntax: pip install --upgrade [package1] [package2] ... To upgrade...
How do I sort a list of dictionaries by a value of the dictionary in Python?
In Python, you can use the sorted() function to sort a list of dictionaries by a specific value of the dictionary. The sorted() function takes two arguments: the list to be sorted, and a key functi...
How do I get the last element of a list in Python?
To get the last element of a list in Python, you can use the negative indexing feature of the list data type. For example: mylist = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] lastelement = mylist[-1] # lastelement will be 5...
How do I parse a string to a float or int in Python?
To parse a string to a float in Python, you can use the float() function. This function takes a string as input and returns a floating point number constructed from it. For example: float('3.14') #...
How to check if a given key already exists in a dictionary in Python?
You can use the in keyword to check if a key exists in a dictionary. For example: my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3} if 'a' in my_dict: print("Key 'a' exists in the dictionary") if 'd' in my_di...
How to remove a key from a Python dictionary?
To remove a key from a dictionary, you can use the del statement. Here's an example: my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3} del my_dict['b'] print(my_dict) # Output: {'a': 1, 'c': 3} Alternatively, yo...
How to find the current directory and file's parent directory in Python?
You can use the os module in Python to find the current directory and the parent directory of a file. To get the current directory, you can use os.getcwd(). To get the parent directory of a file, y...
How to convert string into datetime in Python?
To convert a string into a datetime object in Python, you can use the datetime.strptime() function. This function allows you to specify the format of the input string, and it will return a datetime...
How do I access environment variables in Python?
You can access environment variables in Python using the os module. Here's an example: import os Access an environment variable value = os.environ['VARIABLE_NAME'] Set an environment variable os.en...
How do I split Python list into equally-sized chunks?
To split a list into equally sized chunks, you can use the grouper function from the itertools module. Here's an example of how you can use it: from itertools import zip_longest def grouper(iterabl...
How do I print colored text to the terminal in Python?
You can use ANSI escape codes to print colored text to the terminal in Python. Here is an example of how you can do this: def colored_text(color, text): colors = { "red": "\033[91m", ...
How to manually raising (throwing) an exception in Python?
To manually raise an exception in Python, use the raise statement. Here is an example of how to use it: def calculatepayment(amount, paymenttype): if paymenttype != "Visa" and paymenttype != "M...
How do I make function decorators and chain them together in Python?
In Python, a decorator is a design pattern to extend the functionality of a function without modifying its code. You can create a decorator function using the @decorator_function syntax, or by call...
Understanding Python super() with init() methods
The super() function is used to call a method from a parent class. When used with the __init__ method, it allows you to initialize the attributes of the parent class, in addition to any attributes ...
How do I delete a file or folder in Python?
You can use the os module to delete a file or folder in Python. To delete a file, you can use the os.remove() function. This function takes the file path as an argument and deletes the file at that...
What is the difference between Python's list methods append and extend?
The append() method adds an item to the end of the list. The item can be of any type, and you can use the method to add multiple items by separating them with a comma. For example: fruits = ['apple...
How do I make a time delay in Python?
There are a few ways to make a time delay in Python. Here are three options: time.sleep(): You can use the sleep() function from the time module to add a delay to your program. The sleep() function...
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